If there’s one corvid that’s most notorious for getting into trouble, it’s probably the large-billed crow (sp: Corvus macrorhynchos* ). A dubious reputation perhaps, but it’s one that’s been well earned through this corvid’s knack for exploiting humans and the opportunities we create.
Physical description: While large-billed crows aren’t much bigger than an American crow, their square head and heavy bill gives them a more raven-like appearance. To me, they look like what I might expect if a common raven tangoed with Rick Moranis’s contraption from Honey I Shrunk the Kids.
Range: They are found throughout the northeastern Asian seaboard to Afghanistan and eastern Iran in the west, through South and Southeast Asia, to the Lesser Sundas and Cambodia in the southeast. Although in India the eastern jungle crow and large-billed crow behave has two distinct species, in northern parts of Asia their distinction is less clear and colloquially the two are often analogous.
Conservation status: Given their large range, it may come as no surprise that their populations are abundant and are considered a species of least concern by the IUCN. In fact, since the 1980’s the number of jungle crows in Tokyo has quadrupled1.
“Corvus macrohynchos map”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
So what accounts for their bad reputation you ask? Where to begin…how about vandalizing cemeteries1. In Japan, food is left at the burial sites of loved ones as an offering. Although in some cultures these offerings are meant to be eaten by animals, that is not the case here, and the crows’ stealing of food interrupts the intention of the ritual. Historically, this probably wasn’t a conflict since jungle crow populations were much smaller than they are now.
As if that wasn’t enough to get people fired up, jungle crows also have a bad habit of, well, firing things up. People were stumped how field fires near the Fushimi-Inari shrine in Kyoto were starting until someone thought to watch the crows. There are 10,000 candle holders that line the walkways of the shrine and on busy days they may contain thousands of individual burning candles. With some diligent watching, researchers discovered that crows were eating the melted candle wax (which is often made with tallow) and in some cases taking the burning candles out of the holders and flying off with them. Although they never witnessed it, researchers suggested that crows’ attempts to cache burning candles may have been the cause of the mysterious fires.2 The crows appeared to show no fear of the flames according to the paper’s author. Photo: H. Higuchi
To top it all off, large-billed crows seem to be just as good at turning out the lights as there are at lighting them up! Unlike American crows, which predominately use sticks to build their nests, large-billed crows have developed a fascinating (and immensely frustrating for the Japanese government) habit of using clothes hangers to construct nests. Mixing wire hangers with power lines is a recipe for disaster and in the summer time large-billed crows are responsible for massive blackouts. The Tokyo government spends millions of yen, and employs full time crews, to search for and destroy hanger nests in an effort to prevent such black-outs.1 Maybe Joan Crawford had just spent too much time around jungle crows… Photo: Götz
It’s not all bad press for these resourceful crows, however. One of the more spectacular things they are known for is using cars to crack open otherwise inaccessible nuts. Not only that, but they also appear to be sensitive to crosswalk signals and know when it’s safe to collect the exposed nuts and when it’s not.3So while large-billed crows make their fair share of trouble stealing food, candles and hangers, there are still plenty of people who adore these animals for their cleverness and ingenuity. For those that don’t, well, some aren’t shy to take control measures into their own hands. Or should I say mouths…
*The jungle crow was formally Corvus macrorhynchos, but the species was split into the large-billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos, the eastern jungle crow Corvus levaillantii, and the Indian jungle crow, Corvid culminatus.
Literature cited:
1Marzluff, J.M. & Angell, T. 2005 In the company of crows and ravens. Yale University Press
2Higuchi, H. Crows causing fire. (2003). Manuscript from The University of Tokyo
3Marzluff J.M & Angell, T. 2012. Gifts of the crow. Free Press
Hi Kaeli,
here’s Christian from Bremen, Germany, again. Ok, I’m an atheist – have a look at Bertrand Russell’s book “Why I am not a Christian”. 😉 He’s right!
J
ust want to say the nut-cracking-on-crosswalks crows seen in the YT-video are most likely carrion crows rather than jungle crows. They are there in Japan, too. There’s a distribution map of carrion crows at en.wikipedia: Europe and eastern Asia. The big gap you can see there is filled by hooded crows.
Crows are crazy birds everywhere. This nest building with coat hangers shows it clearly – but it’s really just one idiosyncrasy of oh so many.
Love them!
Christian, thank you for point this out. Let me clarify: jungles crows are one of multiple species of crows that have been observed (anecdotally) to use cars and crosswalks in this way. The literature I cited in the article, though, is specifically talking about jungle crows which is why I decided to include them here. The video is mostly for illustrative purposes but, you’re right, the featured birds do not appear to be jungle crows based on their rather thin bills.
Cheers,
I know this is an old post Kaeli but I recently watched a YouTube video on the hordes of cars heading out each night in Japan to destroy crow nests on power poles that were made with wire hangers, they spend millions on this… I just wondered why they don’t switch to the plastic hangers we use here in North America, because they are not malleable the crows would not be able to nest build effectively with them and it would eliminate the constant power outages caused by metal wire hangers.
BTW my crows have left again from High River AB, they do this every October and I can’t find (online) where they go, presumably somewhere warmer. It states there however that crows don’t migrate, at least at the sites I have searched. Our ravens stay all winter out near the garbage dump lol and far away from us humans. Our magpies stay too. I love them all and am visited on a daily basis by many birds but my mated crows are my favourites, they raised a lovely chick this year and I loved watching the 3 of them, especially when they were trying to teach baby (who was by then as big as her mother) to bend over and pick up the food herself (I put out high grade, small pellet dog food, unshelled peanuts and a variety of nutritious seeds twice daily) She would sit on my feeding table and squawk constantly til her mother picked up the food and put it in her red mouth, finally the mother took an unshelled peanut and put it down on the grass and baby bent over and picked it up. I cheered quietly! But then she didn’t know what to do with it and strutted about quite proud of herself. I pray they will be safe over the winter and can’t wait to see them again.
Hi Marilyn, that’s a good question. I don’t have an official answer for you but I imagine it’s the same as most other things: people really don’t like the government telling them what to do or being denied access to things they’re used to even if it’s really in everyone’s best interest (particularly wildlife) and will save everyone a bunch of money in the long run. Can me a cynic. As for your migration question, yes most crows don’t migrate. But the norther great plains crows certainly do. Your crows will be heading to the southern great plains states like Nebraska and Kansas and will return to AB in the spring when temperatures heat up. I hope they all make it through the winter and return home for you!
Cheers
Hi Kaeli! Our family is going to Fukuoka and other small islands in Japan known for their deer, monkeys old growth trees and sea turtles. I really hope to see some jungle crows in person! Thank you for the excellent article!
I’ve seen large-billed crows in Tokyo that were without any doubt significantly larger than an American crow. Is there, perhaps, a Japanese variant that’s larger than other large-billed crows?
Hi Cacarr, large billed-crows (C. macrorhynchos) are a bit bigger than American crows (C. brachyrhynchos). So it’s not that there’s a variety that’s bigger, it’s just that as a species large billed crows are bigger than American crows.
Photo: Anne Kurasawa
“Corvus macrohynchos map”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Photo: Anne Kurasawa
The crows appeared to show no fear of the flames according to the paper’s author. Photo: H. Higuchi
Maybe Joan Crawford had just spent too much time around jungle crows… Photo: Götz
*The jungle crow was formally Corvus macrorhynchos, but the species was split into the large-billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos, the eastern jungle crow Corvus levaillantii, and the Indian jungle crow, Corvid culminatus.
corvidresearch.blog 
Hi Kaeli,
here’s Christian from Bremen, Germany, again. Ok, I’m an atheist – have a look at Bertrand Russell’s book “Why I am not a Christian”. 😉 He’s right!
J
ust want to say the nut-cracking-on-crosswalks crows seen in the YT-video are most likely carrion crows rather than jungle crows. They are there in Japan, too. There’s a distribution map of carrion crows at en.wikipedia: Europe and eastern Asia. The big gap you can see there is filled by hooded crows.
Crows are crazy birds everywhere. This nest building with coat hangers shows it clearly – but it’s really just one idiosyncrasy of oh so many.
Love them!
Christian, thank you for point this out. Let me clarify: jungles crows are one of multiple species of crows that have been observed (anecdotally) to use cars and crosswalks in this way. The literature I cited in the article, though, is specifically talking about jungle crows which is why I decided to include them here. The video is mostly for illustrative purposes but, you’re right, the featured birds do not appear to be jungle crows based on their rather thin bills.
Cheers,
Great piece Kaeli. Love the nest! Mary
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I know this is an old post Kaeli but I recently watched a YouTube video on the hordes of cars heading out each night in Japan to destroy crow nests on power poles that were made with wire hangers, they spend millions on this… I just wondered why they don’t switch to the plastic hangers we use here in North America, because they are not malleable the crows would not be able to nest build effectively with them and it would eliminate the constant power outages caused by metal wire hangers.
BTW my crows have left again from High River AB, they do this every October and I can’t find (online) where they go, presumably somewhere warmer. It states there however that crows don’t migrate, at least at the sites I have searched. Our ravens stay all winter out near the garbage dump lol and far away from us humans. Our magpies stay too. I love them all and am visited on a daily basis by many birds but my mated crows are my favourites, they raised a lovely chick this year and I loved watching the 3 of them, especially when they were trying to teach baby (who was by then as big as her mother) to bend over and pick up the food herself (I put out high grade, small pellet dog food, unshelled peanuts and a variety of nutritious seeds twice daily) She would sit on my feeding table and squawk constantly til her mother picked up the food and put it in her red mouth, finally the mother took an unshelled peanut and put it down on the grass and baby bent over and picked it up. I cheered quietly! But then she didn’t know what to do with it and strutted about quite proud of herself. I pray they will be safe over the winter and can’t wait to see them again.
Thanks for your great site.
Hi Marilyn, that’s a good question. I don’t have an official answer for you but I imagine it’s the same as most other things: people really don’t like the government telling them what to do or being denied access to things they’re used to even if it’s really in everyone’s best interest (particularly wildlife) and will save everyone a bunch of money in the long run. Can me a cynic. As for your migration question, yes most crows don’t migrate. But the norther great plains crows certainly do. Your crows will be heading to the southern great plains states like Nebraska and Kansas and will return to AB in the spring when temperatures heat up. I hope they all make it through the winter and return home for you!
Cheers
It is so good to know where my crows go in the winter! You have no idea! Thank you Kaeli!!
Hi Kaeli! Our family is going to Fukuoka and other small islands in Japan known for their deer, monkeys old growth trees and sea turtles. I really hope to see some jungle crows in person! Thank you for the excellent article!
Have fun, Kris! Take lots of pictures!
Thank you, I will!
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This is a greaat post thanks
I’ve seen large-billed crows in Tokyo that were without any doubt significantly larger than an American crow. Is there, perhaps, a Japanese variant that’s larger than other large-billed crows?
Hi Cacarr, large billed-crows (C. macrorhynchos) are a bit bigger than American crows (C. brachyrhynchos). So it’s not that there’s a variety that’s bigger, it’s just that as a species large billed crows are bigger than American crows.